May 9, 2023

How Does A Domain Name Work?

written by

Joe Uddeme

Joe Uddeme

How Does A Domain Name Work?

There aren’t many people today who don’t know what a domain name is – but few actually understand how they really work. In this post, NameExperts.com Director Joe Uddeme explains what’s going on behind the scenes.

 

A domain name is what you type when you want to visit a website. For example, you type “Google.com” into your web browser, and it takes you directly to Google to search for stuff. But a lot happens behind the scenes to ensure the domain name you type takes you to the correct website.

In fact, it’s all pretty complicated – and interesting, too. If you want to buy a premium domain name worth in the tens or even hundreds of thousands, having clear insight into what you’re actually paying for might be a good idea. This article will explain what happens and demystify how the world of URLs and the web works.

Key takeaways:

  1. Understanding the different components of a domain name
  2. Proven ways to buy a domain name
  3. Domain name facts and FAQs

Typewriter with words 'name search' on piece of paper to illustrate article about what makes a domain name

 

How A Domain Name Leads You To A Website On the Internet

The Internet is an extensive network of computers connected to each other via cables; each computer on this network can communicate with others. Every computer is identified by a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, which consists of four numbers separated by periods, e.g., 192.168.1.2.

Graphic showing the elements of a domain name

Each website is hosted by a specific computer or server. When you want to visit that website, you need to point to the IP address of the computer hosting it. But IP addresses are difficult to remember. Imagine you had to memorize the unique IP addresses of all the websites you visit; that’ll be impossible, which is why domain names were invented.

A domain name is a human-readable name pointing to a specific IP address on the web. Whenever you type a domain name into your browser, it queries a vast database called the Domain Name System (DNS) and gets the corresponding IP address of the website you want to visit.

The Domain Name System is akin to a phonebook in your home containing your friends’ names and phone numbers. You don’t remember all your friends’ phone numbers; you just need to know their names. Whenever you need a specific number, you check for the name and get it.

This is precisely what the Domain Name System accomplishes; you type a domain, and it gives the correct IP address to your web browser. Your browser fetches the data from the server using that IP address and shows it to you.

 

Parts Of A Domain Name

domain name has three main parts: top-level domain (TLD), second-level domain, and subdomain.

Graphic explanation showing the components of the nameexperts.com domain name

1. Top-Level Domain

The top-level domain (TLD) is the last segment of text in a domain name. The most popular TLDs you should be familiar with include

  • .com
  • .net
  • .co
  • .edu
  • .org

Yet, there are over 1,500 TLDs you can choose from. A lot of them are assigned to specific countries, such as;

  • .uk (United Kingdom)
  • .tv (Tuvalu)
  • .br (Brazil)
  • .ca (Canada)
  • .cn (China)
  • .de (Germany)

There are many other random TLDs such as .website, .book., .dog, .attorney, and .band. A popular one today is the .ai domain name, which has been a hit with tech companies.

2. Second-level domain (SLD)

This is the middle part of the domain name. It is a unique word or phrase identifying the website you want to visit. This part of the domain plays the biggest role in branding an online business. It’s also important in search engine rankings.

3. Subdomain

A subdomain is the part that comes before the main domain. They are attached to the main domain and separated by a period, e.g., blog.example.com, support.website.com.

Subdomains function like independent websites but are attached to the main site. For instance, you can have an online store or a blog attached to your main business site.

 

Who Manages the Domain Name System (DNS)

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the agency responsible for managing the global domain name system. It is a nonprofit organization that enacts policies for creating and managing domain names. It permits companies called domain registrars to sell domain names on its behalf.

Technically, you don’t own any domain that you use. You’re leasing it from ICANN (via your domain registrar) and controlling it as long as you renew the registration. If your registration expires, another person can take control of the domain – although with a little effort it’s possible to secure a domain name forever (sort of).

 

How To Buy A Domain Name

To buy a domain, you can head to any domain registrar’s website and check if someone else has not registered the domain name you want. If so, you can immediately pay for it and start using it.

If the domain name you want has already been registered, don’t fret. You can hire a domain name broker to help you trace, contact the owner, and negotiate a possible purchase. Domain brokers have experience arranging domain sales, so they’ll help you pay a fair price for the domain you want.

 

Tips For Choosing A Domain Name

  • It should be short and simple. Longer domain names are more difficult to remember. Try and choose a strong domain name that will match your business goals and ambitions.
  • Avoid using hyphens and numbers in the domain name.
  • Use keywords related to your line of business. This helps improve your branding and search rankings.
  • A .com TLD should be your first option. If that isn’t available, use other popular TLDs such as .co and .net. The more popular the TLD is, the easier it will be to promote.

Google search box to denote the importance of a domain name

 

Frequently Asked Questions about Domains

How long can I register a domain name for?

The maximum registration period for a domain name is 10 years. But you can renew it every 10 years and keep control of the domain.

What is a premium domain name?

They are high-quality domains that people often buy to flip for a higher price later. Demand for premium domains is high, and the price increases over time, making them good investments.

Can you sell your domain name?

Yes, you can sell your domain name anytime you want to. You can do that yourself or enlist a domain broker to find a buyer for the best price.

How do you find the owner of a domain?

You can identify a domain’s owner by querying the public WHOIS database, which contains contact information about the registered owner of every domain.

What happens if I don’t renew my domain name?

Registrars usually give a 30-day grace period in which you can reclaim the domain. Your domain will be auctioned on the market if that period runs out.

 

About the author

Joe Uddeme is Director and Principal of Name Experts, one of the world’s leading domain name brokerage services. He has overseen domain name sales and acquisitions totaling more than $150 million and is renowned worldwide as a go-to expert in buying and selling premium domains. Contact us at: [email protected]

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For example, single word .com assets sell for a higher price than two or three-word names. At Name Experts, we evaluate your assets based on fifteen market indicators, as well as other market comps of similar names that recently sold in the market, so that you have a realistic expectation of what your domain name is worth. Pinpoint Accuracy: Finding the right price proper domain buyers can be tough even for true domain name veterans. Finding the right buyer that sees the value and understands the true unique selling proposition. Choosing a Sales Channel Selecting the right sales channel is a critical decision for domain sellers aiming to maximize their returns. There are several avenues to consider when selling domain names, each with its own advantages. Domain name marketplaces are ideal for listing unused domains and reaching a broad audience, while auction sites can be particularly effective for selling premium domain names and generating competitive bidding. Direct sales, where you approach potential buyers or respond to inbound inquiries, can also yield strong results, especially if you have a highly targeted domain. The best choice depends on your goals, the value of your domain, and the type of buyers you want to attract. For example, if you’re looking to sell a high-value domain quickly, an auction site might be the best fit, whereas a marketplace could be more suitable for steady, ongoing sales of multiple domains. Understanding the strengths of each channel helps domain sellers make informed decisions and achieve successful domain sales. Choosing a Sales Channel Selecting the right sales channel is a critical decision for domain sellers aiming to maximize their returns. There are several avenues to consider when selling domain names, each with its own advantages. Domain name marketplaces are ideal for listing unused domains and reaching a broad audience, while auction sites can be particularly effective for selling premium domain names and generating competitive bidding. Direct sales, where you approach potential buyers or respond to inbound inquiries, can also yield strong results, especially if you have a highly targeted domain. The best choice depends on your goals, the value of your domain, and the type of buyers you want to attract. For example, if you’re looking to sell a high-value domain quickly, an auction site might be the best fit, whereas a marketplace could be more suitable for steady, ongoing sales of multiple domains. Understanding the strengths of each channel helps domain sellers make informed decisions and achieve successful domain sales. Using Domain Name Marketplaces Domain name marketplaces are powerful platforms that connect domain sellers with a wide audience of potential buyers. These marketplaces, such as Sedo, provide a range of tools and services designed to streamline the process of selling domain names. By listing your domain at a fixed price or offering it for negotiation, you can attract buyers from around the world and benefit from secure payment processing and transaction support. Marketplaces also offer features like escrow services, analytics, and promotional options to help your domain stand out. For example, Sedo allows sellers to choose between fixed price sales, auctions, or private negotiations, giving you flexibility in how you approach each sale. By leveraging the reach and resources of a domain name marketplace, domain sellers can increase their chances of selling domain names quickly and at a competitive price, all while ensuring a smooth and secure transaction for both parties. Auction Sites and Events Auction sites are a popular choice for domain sellers looking to generate interest and achieve top dollar for their premium domain names. 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Domain sellers should ensure their listing includes all the details buyers need, such as the domain’s value, its potential uses, and any relevant history or traffic statistics. Using targeted keywords and clear, compelling descriptions helps your listing appear in search results and appeals directly to interested buyers. High-quality images or even short videos can further enhance your listing, making it more engaging and professional. Additionally, leveraging online tools like domain appraisal services and SEO analytics can help you accurately determine your domain’s value and optimize your listing for maximum visibility. By presenting all the details in a clear and attractive format, domain sellers can generate interest, build trust with buyers, and increase the likelihood of selling domain names at the best possible price. Marketing: A combination of email, phone, social media, press releases and newsletters cover our global exposure. We also have many industry-wide relationships with other buyer brokers, to help connect the dots and find the perfect buyer. Our network of domain name brokers ensures that we can provide the best opportunities for selling your domain. Negotiate: Without help from an experienced domain broker like Name Experts, you might end up leaving money on the table. We’ll negotiate for you and help you maximize your profit while protecting your complete anonymity. Transfer Service: We’ll also guide you throughout the sale process, making sure the buyer lives up to his end of the deal. All transfers are handled through Escrow.com or Escrow.domains – both are licensed and audited escrow services ideal for URLs. We help coordinate to make sure your domain name ends up at the appropriate Registrar of your choosing. Whether by Authorization code, or direct-push method–we got your covered! We will do all of this and more on your behalf, without compromising your identity or confidentiality. We’ve earned the trust of our clients with consistent performance and open communication. We work on a success fee model for any domain sale. There are no upfront fees, no up-front fees and all commissions are paid after we close a transaction. We are a website exclusively focused on listing and brokering single word .com, .io, .ai and .org URLs. Please get in touch today for a free consultation on the best price for your website, listing your premium assets and help selling names.

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Domain Names and Covid-19

Over the past few weeks, there have been many readers asking about the effects of Domai Names and Covid-19 on domain names. Should we hold our names, or sell them now? How has the impact of the global pandemic affected domain name investors and owners of valuable digital assets?  Will we be heading for a deeper depression, and how would all of that translate into the current value of your domain name portfolio. In the short term, if you can sit on your names, you would probably be better off in the long run. The market uncertainty has thrown domain name values for a loop. Financial market volatility has a direct correlation with domain name investment values. As a result, now is not the time to sell your domain name to the end-user. Its also not the time to expect top dollar values on your domain name inventory. The market is different and is reactive to today’s landscape. Folks are still trying to figure things out—and most importantly—stay healthy. We are faced with a new way of life now with remote workplaces, and limited exposure to the people we care most about. When the dust settles, domain name portfolios will evolve and some additional GTLD’s will continue to go by the wayside. Domain name starts will continue to suffer (a start is defined as a new potential domain name acquisition or valuation). Brands push Pause Just three weeks ago, domain starts were up. The market was robust and many startups, and emerging brands had major growth. 2020 was off to a great start and then boom. In a matter of weeks, things have dried up. Most acquisitions that were on the target board have been placed on hold, with buyers deciding to wait for the dust to settle from the outbreak. Things are rough and will continue to deteriorate. Growth has turned into retraction with global markets reacting to their municipalities ability to control the spread. Simply put: things have frozen. People aren’t spending and have decided to stand pat. Hundreds of thousands of employees are losing, or have already lost their jobs around the World. Companies are scrambling for a plan to deal with the circumstances. What should we do? As with any alternative or digital investment, it’s wise to have a long-term plan. Domain names, are very similar to real estate and will ultimately retain value and upside. More specifically, .com digital real estate will continue to hold value. Additional TLDS will continue to fade out—at a fast clip than over the past two years. Only sell if you need the capital—understand that the market is different so selling now, will probably not deliver top dollar for your asset. Hold if you Can—now, more than ever, you should hold your inventory. You might be in it for a while at this point. Can you afford to wait for the proper rebound? Don’t panic—there is always liquidity in domain names Diversify your portfolio—now is the time to clean out the junk and trim the fat so-to-speak We always encourage you to like our articles and share with your network. Keep a look out for additional pieces related to the current climate for domain names as an investment tool and provide your feedback if there are topics you would like for us to cover. Learn more by visiting our website. NameExperts.com

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Domain Flipping: Our Tips For Buying and Selling Domain Names For Profit

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Ask yourself, what kind of domains are other people in this industry buying? Would you buy this name if you were in that position? How much would this domain help them get found online or give them authority in their industry? The top-level domain (TLD) also contributes significantly to a domain name’s value. “.com” is the most common TLD, and domains ending with this suffix tend to be more valuable than others because of high demand. However, there are other valuable TLDs, such as .net, .co, .ai, and .org. What are the best types of domain names to buy? The types of domains that increase your chances of succeeding in domain name flipping include: Local: Domain names tied to specific locations, e.g., cities and towns, tend to have higher demand than others. For example, if you reside in Caldwell, you can target domain names like Caldwellcoffeeshop.com, Caldwellrestaurant.com, Caldwellbakery.co, etc. Short: Shorter domains command higher prices than longer domains because they are easier to remember. Customers find it easier to recall shorter domains, so businesses are willing to pay more for them. Keyword-focused: Domains containing keywords are more likely to sell than those without. Look for domains containing keywords about different businesses and services, e.g., AffordablePlumbing.com, CheapPhoneRepairs.net, CarRepairs.com, etc. Step 3: Stay Focused You’re aware there are already millions of domains registered. But there are also endless combinations of available domains to register. If you’re looking for a key tip in regards to buying and selling domains for profit, you should start by narrowing your focus a little bit. As mentioned above, you should start by thinking about a topic or industry you’re familiar with. Are you in the healthcare industry? Do you love cars or animals? Your job of searching for domain names gets a lot easier if you already know about the topic, because you already have an understanding of the potential value a domain name has. Here’s something you should not do: don’t just target buyers based on who you think might be wealthy. If you’re only targeting lawyers or doctors because you think they’ll have more money, you might be missing an opportunity in an area you know better. Also, if you don’t have knowledge of that industry, you might end up buying domains without knowing there are industry-specific rules that limit buyers. Our advice is to stick with what you know. If you stay focused on those industries and areas, you’ll be much more successful and offer a lot more value.   Step 4: Determine if the Domain is Available A key step in the research process is to make sure that the domains you want aren’t already taken. If the names are taken, which is common, you can check the marketplaces to either buy from people who own them, or rebuy domain names that have expired. For premium names costing in the thousands, a skilled domain name broker is your best friend here. They know the marketplace intimately and can advise on current domain name trends and also on strategies to employ when approaching owners.   Step 5: Consider the Price You’ve found the name you want. It’s available. But how do you know if you’re paying a fair price? You can use sites like namebio.com to compare the name you want with similar ones. It has interesting features like entering keywords and finding a list of names that are close to yours that includes what they sold for and when. One service we offer at NameExperts.com is domain appraisal. We’ll help you assess what a name you are interested in is actually worth so you know if you’re getting a good deal – and what the name might be worth to potential buyers.   Step 6: Buying Your Domain Name You have successfully evaluated your domain name and determined a fair price. Now, it’s time to buy it. Your preferred domain can be purchased through a registrar, a marketplace, or a domain brokerage service like NameExperts. When buying through a registrar, the key is to choose one accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the nonprofit overseeing domain names. Follow this link for the full list of ICANN-accredited registrars. If you want to buy from a marketplace there are many to choose from. These are our top 5 marketplaces – and a quick Google search will yield many other options. Or if you want to have someone take the strain and do the hard work for you, consider using a domain broker. Here’s what a domain broker does and how they can work for you. Step 7: Attract Attention To Your Domains After buying a domain name, you need to attract attention to increase its value. A dormant domain doesn’t achieve much, nor will it have much chance in increasing in value. While there are some examples of dormant domains that made significant profits for their owners when sold, these are the exception and not the rule. Doing something with your domain increases your chances of selling it for significant gain. So what can you do with a domain? To start, you can create a website with it to attract users. It doesn’t have to be a website you actively manage every day. You can fill it with content you only need to edit occasionally. For example, if you acquire “SchoolsInTexas.com,” you can write a detailed list of the best schools in Texas and add it as the homepage. Anyone who opens the domain might like the content and share it with others. As more people flock to the domain, its monetary value increases. In the above example, you could even place advertisements on the content and make money from your domain. The ideal advertisers would be the schools listed on the page. Check out affiliate marketing, too. You can also advertise your domain on search engines like Google and Bing or social media platforms like Facebook and X (Twitter) to draw attention. The good thing about online advertising is that you can do it even with a low budget. The idea is to gather eyeballs to your site to increase its value. If you place content on your domain, ensure it’s optimized to rank high on search engines using search engine optimization (SEO). This involves including relevant keywords, formatting the article neatly for humans and search engine crawlers, and writing helpful content for your audience. It also helps to get inbound links (backlinks) to your site from other similar, authoritative websites. With enough attention and audience, you can proceed to the next step and start thinking about selling the domain. Step 8: Determine Your Domain’s Value You have successfully attracted attention to your domain and are ready to sell. First, you must determine a fair value for the domain. You don’t want to underprice the domain and leave much money on the table or, inversely, overprice the domain and not find a willing buyer. Here are critical questions to help you determine your domain’s value: Does the domain receive any traffic? The higher the volume of traffic to a domain name, the more valuable it is. Showing proof of high traffic can fetch your domain a substantial price. Does it generate any income? If your domain name already generates income from advertising or any other method, it becomes easy for an interested buyer to value it. You can sell the domain for many multiples of its revenue. Does it have any search engine authority? Your domain’s search engine visibility largely contributes to its value. Domains with quality backlinks have more value than those without. Check your backlink profile to evaluate how much your domain name can fetch. If you feel they aren’t enough, you can build more backlinks before listing the domain for sale. Is the domain name brandable? You’re more likely to fetch a higher price for a domain that’s easily brandable. Such domain names tend to be short and easy to recall. Businesses pay top dollar for brandable domains because they draw more online traffic. Does it have a popular TLD? Domain names with popular TLDs like “.com,” “.net,” and “.org” are more valuable than those with less popular TLDs. Pro-tip: If the answer to all the above questions is yes, you’re on the right path to flipping domain names for profit!   Step 9: Selling Your Domain Name You’ve determined a fair price. Now it’s time to sell. Consider how you want to sell the domain and evaluate which route will give you the optimal price. Your best options for domain name flipping include: Private Sale: Sellers can negotiate one-to-one deals with prospective buyers. You’re free to approach any individual or business you think might be interested in your domain name and negotiate a price. Marketplace: You can list your domain name on a dedicated domain name marketplace. It’s easier to find buyers this way because the marketplace already has domain name investors looking to buy. The marketplace will take a cut of your sales for their service. With a Broker: Another effective way is to hire a domain name broker like Name Experts to negotiate a deal for you. Domain brokers are experienced in evaluating the value of domain names and can fetch you the best possible price. The broker handles the negotiations, and the only thing you will have to do is authorize the domain transfer. Auction: Auctioning your domain name is another way to sell it. You’ll place the domain up for auction on a marketplace, and the intending buyer with the highest bid will buy it. Domain auctions usually last several days, so there’s ample time to find a willing buyer and profit from domain name flipping.   Step 10: Use An Escrow Service It’s advisable to use a third-party escrow service when selling your domain name. The escrow service holds the money paid by the seller and releases it after confirming that you’ve transferred the domain. It prevents you from falling victim to fraud, e.g., a buyer refusing to pay after you’ve transferred your domain.   Step 11: Transfer the Domain The last step – all you have to do now is transfer the domain as agreed to the buyer. You’ll need to request an authorization code from your registrar and transfer the domain to the buyer’s registrar account. Note that most registrars require a domain to be at least 60 days old to be eligible for a transfer.   Domain Flipping Tips Building Your Domain Portfolio You can become an expert investor specializing in domain names if you’re willing to learn about the marketplace and create long-term value. Domain names are like any other asset to invest in, but you must do it carefully. Follow these tips to build a good portfolio and make money flipping domains: Understand your strategy: Domain name investors either follow the “quick flip” or “buy and hold” strategy, and these phrases are pretty explanatory. Choose which strategy you want to follow, or use a mix of both. Diversify your portfolio: The portfolio’s value should not be tied up in a single or few domain names because of concentrated risk. If possible, acquire more domain names to balance your risks. Never overpay for an asset: Don’t be the inexperienced investor who overvalues and pays excessively for an asset. Ensure you get third-party evaluations before paying for a domain. This will help you to maximize your profit when you sell the domain. Study and gain knowledge: The domain name investment scene is flexible and dynamic. New events occur every day that affect the value of domain names, so ensure you stay up to date with industry news to avoid getting left behind. Domain Flipping Risks Domain name flipping doesn’t guarantee profits. It carries risks, just like any other type of investment. The main risks include: Low Liquidity: Domain names don’t have as much demand as other assets like stocks, bonds, and commodities. You’ll likely need to wait a while after listing a domain before you find a willing buyer. It’s not something to invest in if you want short-term liquidity. Unexpected Valuations: Domain name valuations can swing high or low on a whim. You might buy a domain, wait a while and list it for sale – only to find the offers are significantly less than you paid for it. Domain name valuation is not as technically grounded as in other assets like stocks and bonds; the value depends significantly on a buyer’s intuition, so be aware of the risks. Other Ways to Make Money with Domains Buying domain names to resell isn’t the only way to profit from them. You can make money in other ways, such as: Domain Leasing: Rent your domain name to another party for an extended period. You’ll be paid at specific intervals such as monthly, quarterly or annually, giving you steady income for as long as the lease lasts. Parked domains: You can keep a domain and make money by placing ads on the homepage with a strategy called “domain parking.” You might also redirect the parked domain to an existing website you operate that generates revenue.   About the author Joe Uddeme is Director and Principal of Name Experts, one of the world’s leading domain name brokerage services. He has overseen domain name sales and acquisitions totaling more than $150 million and is renowned worldwide as a go-to expert in buying and selling premium domains. Contact us at: [email protected]

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