May 9, 2023

How Does A Domain Name Work?

written by

Joe Uddeme

Joe Uddeme

How Does A Domain Name Work?

There aren’t many people today who don’t know what a domain name is – but few actually understand how they really work. In this post, NameExperts.com Director Joe Uddeme explains what’s going on behind the scenes.

 

A domain name is what you type when you want to visit a website. For example, you type “Google.com” into your web browser, and it takes you directly to Google to search for stuff. But a lot happens behind the scenes to ensure the domain name you type takes you to the correct website.

In fact, it’s all pretty complicated – and interesting, too. If you want to buy a premium domain name worth in the tens or even hundreds of thousands, having clear insight into what you’re actually paying for might be a good idea. This article will explain what happens and demystify how the world of URLs and the web works.

Key takeaways:

  1. Understanding the different components of a domain name
  2. Proven ways to buy a domain name
  3. Domain name facts and FAQs

Typewriter with words 'name search' on piece of paper to illustrate article about what makes a domain name

 

How A Domain Name Leads You To A Website On the Internet

The Internet is an extensive network of computers connected to each other via cables; each computer on this network can communicate with others. Every computer is identified by a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, which consists of four numbers separated by periods, e.g., 192.168.1.2.

Graphic showing the elements of a domain name

Each website is hosted by a specific computer or server. When you want to visit that website, you need to point to the IP address of the computer hosting it. But IP addresses are difficult to remember. Imagine you had to memorize the unique IP addresses of all the websites you visit; that’ll be impossible, which is why domain names were invented.

A domain name is a human-readable name pointing to a specific IP address on the web. Whenever you type a domain name into your browser, it queries a vast database called the Domain Name System (DNS) and gets the corresponding IP address of the website you want to visit.

The Domain Name System is akin to a phonebook in your home containing your friends’ names and phone numbers. You don’t remember all your friends’ phone numbers; you just need to know their names. Whenever you need a specific number, you check for the name and get it.

This is precisely what the Domain Name System accomplishes; you type a domain, and it gives the correct IP address to your web browser. Your browser fetches the data from the server using that IP address and shows it to you.

 

Parts Of A Domain Name

domain name has three main parts: top-level domain (TLD), second-level domain, and subdomain.

Graphic explanation showing the components of the nameexperts.com domain name

1. Top-Level Domain

The top-level domain (TLD) is the last segment of text in a domain name. The most popular TLDs you should be familiar with include

  • .com
  • .net
  • .co
  • .edu
  • .org

Yet, there are over 1,500 TLDs you can choose from. A lot of them are assigned to specific countries, such as;

  • .uk (United Kingdom)
  • .tv (Tuvalu)
  • .br (Brazil)
  • .ca (Canada)
  • .cn (China)
  • .de (Germany)

There are many other random TLDs such as .website, .book., .dog, .attorney, and .band. A popular one today is the .ai domain name, which has been a hit with tech companies.

2. Second-level domain (SLD)

This is the middle part of the domain name. It is a unique word or phrase identifying the website you want to visit. This part of the domain plays the biggest role in branding an online business. It’s also important in search engine rankings.

3. Subdomain

A subdomain is the part that comes before the main domain. They are attached to the main domain and separated by a period, e.g., blog.example.com, support.website.com.

Subdomains function like independent websites but are attached to the main site. For instance, you can have an online store or a blog attached to your main business site.

 

Who Manages the Domain Name System (DNS)

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the agency responsible for managing the global domain name system. It is a nonprofit organization that enacts policies for creating and managing domain names. It permits companies called domain registrars to sell domain names on its behalf.

Technically, you don’t own any domain that you use. You’re leasing it from ICANN (via your domain registrar) and controlling it as long as you renew the registration. If your registration expires, another person can take control of the domain – although with a little effort it’s possible to secure a domain name forever (sort of).

 

How To Buy A Domain Name

To buy a domain, you can head to any domain registrar’s website and check if someone else has not registered the domain name you want. If so, you can immediately pay for it and start using it.

If the domain name you want has already been registered, don’t fret. You can hire a domain name broker to help you trace, contact the owner, and negotiate a possible purchase. Domain brokers have experience arranging domain sales, so they’ll help you pay a fair price for the domain you want.

 

Tips For Choosing A Domain Name

  • It should be short and simple. Longer domain names are more difficult to remember. Try and choose a strong domain name that will match your business goals and ambitions.
  • Avoid using hyphens and numbers in the domain name.
  • Use keywords related to your line of business. This helps improve your branding and search rankings.
  • A .com TLD should be your first option. If that isn’t available, use other popular TLDs such as .co and .net. The more popular the TLD is, the easier it will be to promote.

Google search box to denote the importance of a domain name

 

Frequently Asked Questions about Domains

How long can I register a domain name for?

The maximum registration period for a domain name is 10 years. But you can renew it every 10 years and keep control of the domain.

What is a premium domain name?

They are high-quality domains that people often buy to flip for a higher price later. Demand for premium domains is high, and the price increases over time, making them good investments.

Can you sell your domain name?

Yes, you can sell your domain name anytime you want to. You can do that yourself or enlist a domain broker to find a buyer for the best price.

How do you find the owner of a domain?

You can identify a domain’s owner by querying the public WHOIS database, which contains contact information about the registered owner of every domain.

What happens if I don’t renew my domain name?

Registrars usually give a 30-day grace period in which you can reclaim the domain. Your domain will be auctioned on the market if that period runs out.

 

About the author

Joe Uddeme is Director and Principal of Name Experts, one of the world’s leading domain name brokerage services. He has overseen domain name sales and acquisitions totaling more than $150 million and is renowned worldwide as a go-to expert in buying and selling premium domains. Contact us at: [email protected]

Subscribe for More Domain Buying & Selling Advice

Related posts

Close up of a man signing a piece of paper with a laptop in the foreground.
5 Things to Consider When Buying a Domain Name

Looking for some quick tips about securing and buying a domain name for your business? Here’s our expert guide to domain buying, covering everything from hidden fees to privacy protection.   Purchasing a domain name is an exciting thing for a new business, but there’s much more to it than simply finding the ideal name. Before you begin, there are a few things you ought to know. It’s always worth remembering that not all businesses selling domains (known as domain registrars) are the same. Some use tactics like hiding fees or promoting your data to earn more cash, which may have an enduring influence on your enterprise. In this post, Name Experts Director Joe Uddeme – a seasoned domain name broker – flags up some common things you should watch out for.   1. Look out for hidden charges As with any purchase choice, cost can be a big element. It is easy to be tempted into buying a domain at a really low cost. But don’t be fooled: a few domain registrars provide promotional pricing at an extremely low price but then hide a lot of fees in the contract, lock you in, and charge high renewal prices. Generally, be aware that registrars offering rock-bottom domains may have additional, less-than-ethical techniques to make money. These strategies include: Adding in hidden prices: Many registrars rely on the fact that most individuals do not read the fine print. Before you make a domain purchase, review the Buyer’s “Terms of Service” for any questionable terms, duties, or fees. Be sure to check what the renewal rates will be, and be certain you are only buying what you need and want. Making you pay to edit your WHOIS or RDAP listing: Watch out for registrars that charge an “administration fee” when you need to edit your WHOIS or RDAP records. Registrars will often try to “upsell” or “cross-sell” you items you don’t require. For example, they might recommend you purchase extra domain endings that are extraneous instead of helpful (for instance, .info or .co). Or, they might offer to package your domain with a bunch of other services you might never use. Charging transfer charges: Make sure the “Conditions of Service” don’t have “transfer-out” charges for moving your domain name to another registrar. These fees could be exorbitant and they violate ICANN policy (ICANN is the non-profit corporation that oversees the use of Internet domains). Beyond the cost, a few registrars make it nearly impossible to perform a transfer by making the transport procedure cumbersome and hard to navigate. It’s a good idea to check into how easy the transfer process is before deciding upon a registrar.   2. Protect your privacy Unprotected data is vulnerable to being mined by spammers and scammers. Start looking for domain registrars that offer privacy protection for free. Be cautious about dealing with registrars that charge a premium for “privacy solutions,” particularly any who offer to place their details on these registries instead of yours, which covertly gives them possession of the domain.   3. Guard your info Beyond failing to protect your personal data from public records, some registrars actively sell your information to third parties like marketing associations. Some registrars even mine the WHOIS database and then send false renewal invoices, getting visitors to unknowingly transfer their domains. Be certain to find a registrar that promises never to sell or misuse your client information for marketing purposes. 4. Focus on transparency Look for registrars that offer transparency in their pricing. You should, for example, be able to readily find your renewal prices, as well as the processes for transferring or canceling your domain name registration. Some registrars offer cheap registration during the initial purchase, but then charge flat-rate costs to renew your domain the following calendar year. They also might make it very difficult to cancel your order. Start looking for a registrar with upfront pricing info and terms of service to avoid surprises later on.   5. Differentiate support from sales Some registrars don’t have support staff but instead have salespeople who are trained to sell you add-on services you may not need – all in the guise of friendly customer support. Look for a registrar that offers courteous and professional support and help, not one that sees you as a cash register they keep trying to ring. With careful study before you opt for a domain, you can side-step some unfortunate traps and make sure your domain name — and your business – are in good hands for many years to come.   About the author Joe Uddeme is Director and Principal of Name Experts, one of the world’s top domain name brokerage services. He has overseen domain name sales and acquisitions totaling more than $150 million and is renowned worldwide as a go-to expert in buying and selling premium domains. Contact us at: [email protected]

Close up image of a person at a laptop as they investigate a domain name
What is Domain Name Escrow & How Does it Work?

Escrow is important when buying domain names, especially those of high value. Domain name expert Joe Uddeme explains how domain name escrow works – and why you should use a domain escrow 3rd-party when making highly-priced acquisitions.   What is Domain Name Escrow? Domain name escrow is a specialized service designed to protect both buyers and sellers during domain name transactions. In this process, a neutral third-party agent holds the payment and domain information until all conditions of the transaction are met. This setup ensures that the buyer receives the domain name and the seller gets their payment, significantly reducing the risk of fraud and deception. By using domain name escrow services, both parties can enjoy a secure and efficient transfer of domain ownership, providing peace of mind throughout the transaction. A domain name consulting service can help make the process much easier. What Is Escrow? Escrow is an arrangement in which a neutral third party temporarily holds money meant for a purchase until specific conditions are met. The money will only be transferred to the intended recipient when the conditions are met. If the conditions are not fulfilled, the money will go back to the buyer. In domain name and other transactions, the escrow process often involves a lawyer managing legal documents, ensuring compliance with laws, and securely holding the assets and money in a trust account until the terms of the agreement are fulfilled. What Can Escrow Be Used For & Why Escrow is common in transactions where a significant amount of money is involved, e.g., real estate. It is necessary to protect the buyer from losing money in case the seller does not fulfill the terms of the deal. Domain transactions can be pricey, which makes escrow and other services necessary just like with real estate. After all, domain names are online real estate. Escrow protects against: Sellers refusing to deliver a domain despite agreeing to do so. Buyers refusing to pay for a domain despite an agreement to buy it. Payment being made – but the domain not being transferred to the buyer. Secure payment is crucial in domain name transactions, and escrow services ensure that the financial exchange is safe and protected. In short, escrow ensures that both parties in a deal stick to their agreed terms. It is a mediator of the transaction and refuses to complete it until both parties act in good faith. How Does Escrow Work? 1. Agreement on price and deal The buyer and the seller negotiate and agree on how much is to be paid for a domain name or group of domain names. They also negotiate important factors like the date of payment, method of payment, and what currency to use. 2. Buyer places agreement with an escrow company With the deal terms drawn out, the buyer finds an escrow provider and deposits the payment with an escrow agent. Once the payment goes through, the buyer pays escrow company will notify the seller and tell them to transfer ownership of the domain name related to the escrow transaction. 3. Domain Name Is Transferred The seller will transfer the domain name to the buyer. The wire transfer procedure varies depending on the domain registrar, but both parties will work together to ensure a smooth transfer. It is crucial to involve legal counsel in domain transfers to secure the transaction and ensure compliance with legal requirements. 4. Domain Transfer Is Confirmed After the domain is transferred, the buyer will notify the seller and agree with the escrow company that the seller has fulfilled their part of the deal. 5. Payment Given To Seller With the domain transfer confirmed, the escrow company completes the escrow transaction by using a money order and sending the money deposited by the buyer to the seller. What fees are associated with using an escrow service? The escrow usually charges a commission on the value of the deal. Some may also charge a flat fee in addition to a commission. The exact commission may vary depending on the deal volume. Benefits of Using Escrow For Buyers and Sellers The benefits of using escrow for domain names include: Security: The escrow holds the money until all deal terms are fulfilled, so there are little chances of the buyer losing their money without getting the intended domain name. The buyer also feels more secure dealing with a trusted escrow company than with a stranger over the web. Additionally, escrow services safeguard domain transactions by holding funds and domain holder information, minimizing the risk of fraud. Assurance: The buyer is assured that they will get the domain they want, and the seller is assured of payment once the domain transfer is confirmed. Customer support: Escrow services usually offer customer support and can guide the buyer throughout the process of acquiring a domain name. Choosing the Right Escrow Services Selecting the right 3rd-party escrow provider for domain name transactions is crucial for a smooth and secure process. Start by looking for a reputable and licensed escrow company with a proven track record in handling domain name transactions. Evaluate their fees and payment terms to ensure they fit within your budget. Additionally, consider the quality of their customer service and support, as this can be invaluable if any issues arise during the transaction. A reliable escrow provider should offer a secure and transparent process to deposit funds, with clear contractual obligations and a well-defined escrow agreement. Research the company’s reputation online and read reviews from previous clients to ensure you are working with a trustworthy escrow company. Domain Name Transfer and Intellectual Property Transferring ownership of a domain name involves several steps and can be particularly complex when intellectual property rights are involved. A domain name can be considered intellectual property if it is trademarked, which can impact its value and transferability. Before proceeding with a domain name transfer, it is essential to conduct a clearance search to ensure the domain name does not infringe on any existing trademarks. Utilizing a domain name escrow provider can facilitate this process by ensuring that both parties fulfill their contractual obligations and that the domain name is transferred securely. This helps protect best interests of the buyer and the seller, ensuring a smooth and legally compliant transfer of the domain name. Alternatives To Using Escrow Attorney A licensed attorney can draft a sales contract that is legally binding for buyer and seller. If any party breaks the contract, they can be sued for damages in court. The attorney can also act as an escrow organization and only transfer money from the buyer to the seller if the terms of the contract are fulfilled. An attorney is crucial in selling domain names to ensure all legal aspects are covered, and the transaction is secure. Domain marketplace There are many marketplaces where you can acquire domain names. Here, the marketplace acts as a custodian of the domain and only the seller transfers it to the buyer after payment is confirmed, which is then given to the seller. Best Domain Name Escrow Services Escrow.com Escrow.com is the world’s largest online escrow service, and it has specific features for domain sales. The buyer can initiate the escrow request and provide the seller’s contact information for Escrow.com to get in touch. The buyer transfers the agreed sum to Escrow.com, and it is only when they confirm the domain has been successfully transferred that Escrow.com will disburse the money to the seller. Escrow.com charges 3.25% for deals between $0 and $5,000; 0.89% for deals between $5,001 and $25,000; and $162.5 + 0.25% for deals over $25,001. Sedo Domain Transfer Service Sedo is a popular domain name and website marketplace, especially useful for those looking to buy or sell domain names. Its domain transfer service puts it as a middleman between the buyer and the seller. Sedo receives the payment from the buyer and the domain name from the seller. When both ends are confirmed, Sedo transfers the domain to the buyer and the buyer sends the money to the seller. This service incurs a 3% fee on the domain purchase price, with a minimum of $60. Afternic Afternic is another popular domain name marketplace focused on high-value domains. It offers an escrow service to protect both the buyer and the seller. Afternic holds the agreed amount and only disburses it to the former owner or seller when the buyer has confirmed receipt of the domain. If either party breaks the deal terms, the sale will be canceled and the money given back to the buyer minus the escrow fee. The drawback here is that Afternic doesn’t charge escrow fees separately. It takes a 20% fee, which includes both sales and escrow commissions on all domains listed on its platform. Using an Escrow Service It is necessary to use an escrow service if you are paying a significant amount for a domain name and it helps protect you and the seller. If you need guidance in the domain buying process, including escrow, contact us for help. We have negotiated over $150 million in domain name sales and have over a decade of experience in domain name buying and transfers.   About the author Joe Uddeme is Director and Principal of NameExperts.com, one of the world’s leading domain name brokerage services. He has overseen domain name sales and acquisitions totaling more than $150 million and is renowned worldwide as a go-to expert in buying and selling premium domains. Contact us at: [email protected]

Google screengrab for article about domain names
How Do You Create a Strong Brand Name (And Secure the Domain Name to Match It)?

From Amazon to Coca-Cola, strong brand names have helped propel businesses to stratospheric heights for centuries. Here’s how to find one that will take yours to the next level and ensure you have a domain name that supports it.  

Why Work with Name Experts

Name Experts offers personalized domain brokerage services, assisting clients in buying or selling premium domain names with expert appraisal, negotiation, and complete transaction management while ensuring confidentiality.

Some of our most
successful stealth acquisition and sales

Aid.com

Fit.com

Mine.com

GLD.com

Jeff.com

Fora.com

Nori.com

Secure.com

Guitar.com

F*ck.com

Radian.com

MetaData.com

Prize.com

Link.com

Loop.com

Programs.com

Claim.com

Quince.com

Hook.com

QXO.com

NQ.com

Rest.com

Humani.com

Max.com

Need help buying or selling premium domains?